Was hat der Mathematiker Carl Friedrich Gauß mit dem Philosophen John Stuart Mill und dem Pianisten Lang Lang gemeinsam? Sie alle fielen – ebenso wie Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – bereits als Kinder durch ungewöhnliche Geistesgaben auf. Heute sprechen wir von Hochbegabung: einer weit über dem Altersdurchschnitt liegenden Leistungsfähigkeit.
Was unterscheidet hochintelligente Köpfe von normalen Durchschnittsdenkern? Für diese Frage hatten sich Hirnforscher lange Zeit wenig interessiert. Zwar konnten klinische Neuropsychologen in den vergangenen 150 Jahren sehr viel über den Zusammenhang zwischen kognitiven Fähigkeiten und Hirnprozessen lernen. Doch diese Erkenntnisse stammten überwiegend aus Untersuchungen über Funktionsausfälle nach schweren Hirnschädigungen. Intakte psychische Funktionen anhand gesunder Gehirne zu ermitteln stellt aber eine weitaus größere Herausforderung dar ...
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